![]() ![]() The first collection of patience card games in the English language is attributed to Lady Adelaide Cadogan through her Illustrated Games of Patience, published in about 1870 and reprinted several times. An 1895 account describes a variant of the game exclusively used for cartomancy. This theory is supported by the name of the game in Danish and Norwegian, kabal(e). Patience was first mentioned in literature shortly after cartomantic layouts were developed circa 1765, suggesting a connection between the two. ![]() Before this, there were no literary mentions of such games in large game compendiums such as Charles Cotton's The Compleat Gamester (1674) and Abbé Bellecour's Academie des Jeux (1674). The earliest known recording of a game of patience occurred in 1788 in the German game anthology Das neue Königliche L'Hombre-Spiel. The game became popular in France in the early 19th Century reaching England and America in the latter half. The game is most likely German or Scandinavian in origin. Many of these have been converted to electronic form and are available as computer games. There is a vast array of variations on the patience theme, using either one or more decks of cards, with rules of varying complexity and skill levels. ![]() In the most familiar, general form of patience, the object of the game is to build up four blocks of cards going from ace to king in each suit, taking cards from the layout if they appear on the table. Some games allow for the reshuffling of the decks, or the placement of cards into new or "empty" locations. Patience games typically involve dealing cards from a shuffled deck into a prescribed arrangement on a tabletop, from which the player attempts to reorder the deck by suit and rank through a series of moves transferring cards from one place to another under prescribed restrictions. ![]()
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